The Supreme God of Ancient Egypt (the Pyramid Age) ATUM (atom is nitron proton electron) | History Podcast

The Supreme God of Ancient Egypt (the Pyramid Age) ATUM (atom is nitron proton electron) | History Podcast

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Atum means "everything" and "nothing". He was the great demiurge of the Ancient Egyptian solar cult, born of himself in the darkness of the cosmic primeval ocean, from chaos, from nothing… to create everything.
He was the spark that started ZepTepi, the explosion of creation. Everything began with him and everything will end with Atum, the Great God, the Sovereign of the Great Ennead, the Lord of All. Atum was the "One" who gave birth to millions from himself. All creation, all reality was, according to the Egyptians, part of his cosmic body, and it seems that other deities as well as the forces shaping the universe - Heka and Maat only represented his multiple aspects.

Atum is therefore one of the most important, if not the most important deity of pharaonic Egypt. All later cosmogonic concepts were based on the Heliopolitan creation myth. He was the supreme deity of the pyramid age, with whom Djoser, Snefru and Khufu identified themselves.

Transcript
atum means everything and nothing he was the great damage of the
Egyptian solar cult born of himself in the darkness of the cosmic primeval
ocean from chaos from nothing to create
everything he was the spark that started zepi the exposion of
creation everything began with him and everything will end with atum the great
God The Sovereign of the great inat the Lord of
all atum was the one who gave birth to Millions from
himself all creation all reality was according to the Egyptians part of his
Cosmic body and it seems that other deities as well as the forces shaping
the universe haa and M only represented his multiple
aspects atum is therefore one of the most important if not the most important
deity of fonic Egypt all subsequent cosmogonic Concepts were based on the
heliopolitan creation meth he was the Supreme deity of the pyramid age with
whom joser snre went kufu identified
themselves the oldest Egyptian religious texts describe the Journey of dead
pharaohs to his domain hidden among the stars and participation in the cosmic
processes directed by atum according to theologians of the Old Kingdom was to
ensure their eternal [Music]
life hello everyone my name is Ira welcome to my channel Ancient sides girl
I invite you to a podcast about the history of ancient Egypt today I'll try
to present to you the central figure of heliopolitan theology the great Creator God
atum we will therefore learn about the solar creation myth the beginnings of
which may reach even 5,000 years ago as well as a tomb's role in the funeral
cult and oyan myth as usual I'll use
original ancient [Music]
texts each culture creates its own vision of the world a vision that shapes
the further development of civilization and gives it individual features it seems that even the
prehistoric Egyptian had formed an organic and pantheistic vision of reality a structural Unity of
the universe which they imagined as a living organism the universal Cosmic entity in
which everything was contained and whose mind directed all life processes they called God and considered the essence of
divinity for them he was the great hidden unknown God further than the
heavens too distant to be known this is a God who contains the whole world but
he's greater than the world although he was the only one his
countless aspects were worshiped represented by thousands of deities beings called by the Ancients
natur in the hieroglyphic record of the word nature used as a determinant they
most often use the symbol of a flag flying on a pole and a seated figure
with a characteristic long narrow beard worn by
pharaohs the word n is not only the numerous National deities known from
mythology minor local deities and demons but also the king the dead and even
sacred places and objects in principle the word ner used
by the Egyptians in all possible contexts defined what was sacred the
object of worship interestingly in the first centuries of Christianity the word
nature was translated as God thus distorting the image of the fonic
religion According to which all sacred things came from one Creator were
aspects of this great God depending on the period or region in which he was
woried he was called Horus Amon
atum in principle each gnome each region had its own Creator God one that was
woried since Always by the local community in the interest of unity of
Egypt local Cults were supported by the state their multiplicity and diversity
were considered something natural however sometimes as a result of political changes the cult of a local
deity became in National called the religiosity of the Egyptians evolved at
that time and new theological Traditions en reached the old
ones the greatest career among the local super Gods was made by atuma from yuno
the city of the sun called by the Greeks heliopolis the capital of the 13th gnome
of Lower Egypt located in today's Northeastern Cairo regardless of the
region social status and education all Egyptians from the times of the Old
Kingdom that is from the third millennium BC saw him as the creator of
the universe and the source of life atum was commonly identified with
the Sun that is with ra and worshiped as a Universal Solar deity
atumi or raahi which means Horus of the
horizons Horus was a prehistoric Falcon a universal deity with whom the King was
identified now as Rahi additionally crowned with a solar disc entwined by
the urious serpent it was a syncretic sard
According to some researchers perhaps like Horus Ra was also originally woried
as a completely separate deity among the names of the heliopolitan God raahi at
today we'll focus on atum the damage the creator of the great inat the group of
the first gods and thus the creator of the universe the most mysterious of the
is the most distant atum wasn't shown as a falcon or Scarab but like other Cosmic
deities personifying stars and constellations as a man often in a Royal
attire but not always his human ability to transmit life
sexually was emphasized he accomplished the work of creation thanks to his
enormous inexhaustible potency the ancient Egyptian Cult of fertility was linked to cosmogony and
the so-called anthropomorphic solar cosmogony was introduced at the
threshold of the Old Kingdom by heliopolitan theologians but what does a tomb
actually mean his name is sometimes presented as
t or ATM atum seems the most likely however since according to the Coptic
dialects most closely related to the old Egyptian language his name is
atome although the word is commonly interpreted as complete one many
scholars see ambiguity and even contradiction in the word atum on the
one hand it means nothing on the other everything this is an apparent
contradiction as the name of the Creator contains the entire essence of cosmogony
as everything a tomb is omnipresent in the universe his divinity fills all of
nature both Gods humans and all of creation are part of
it at the same time a tomb existed before the creation of the world that is
when there was nothing besides chaos he will also exist when the present World
disappears and there will be nothing but chaos again above all however a was
everything for the Egyptians he embodied all the worshiped local Creator Gods the
ruling Pharaoh represented him on Earth it was this heliopolitan system that
functioned as canonical for the the entire United Egypt as in almost all creation meths of
the world this Egyptian one can also begin with the sentence in the beginning
there was chaos in their eyes the visible World appeared as ordered
everything they observed in nature its laws the vegetation cycle the coming of
day and night time space and matter appeared to them as good they were the
work of God the work initiated by aumb in the first time zap
tapy however before this glorious first time of creation came according to all
Egyptian theological Traditions the pre-World was solely NN the endless
Cosmic primordial ocean called motionless and
Barren since the heavens with the sun and moon didn't yet EX exist it was
immersed in darkness there was no wind and no living creatures yet so it
remained motionless and no sounds Disturbed The Cosmic
[Music] silence nun had no beginning or end
these invisible Eternal Waters of chaos had however creative potential they had
their own own surface on which according to the fonic texts a tomb was supposed
to float iner incomplete unaware of himself
God Alone in nothingness the text of the Pyramid of pey the first from the 23rd Century BC
States I was born in a n while the sky had not yet come into being while the
Earth had not yet come into being while the endurance had not yet come into
being while confusion had not yet come into being while the all had not yet
come into being for the Eye of Horus had come into
being the Egyptian word no meant both a watery Mass depth abys and aroused
anxiety the Egyptians believed that the created world didn't replace the Waters
of chaos but was still surrounded by it on all sides they anxiously observed
nature looking for manifestations of returning chaos such as The
Disappearance of the moon on the first day of the new moon or the first day of the Nile flood season which was also the
first day of the new year when the partially flooded country returned to
its original state to be reborn again in the eyes of the Egyptians this
phenomena proved that the Act of Creation was constantly repeated but
what was it like during the first time during Zep
tappy in the Book of the Dead we read I am the god ATB in Rising I am the
only one I came into existence in nun I am the great God who created him
self the most important features of a tomb include his self birth which is
connected with the Awakening of the God's self awareness the scarse sources
concerning this moment suggest that the earlier atum although he existed before
this Awakening must have been an indefinite shapeless incomplete being as
a result of a mysterious impulse the nature of which will be investigated by
other theological Traditions later than the heliopolitan one the got a tomb
awakens from lethargy gains self-awareness the so-called spell 80 of
the coffin texts States I was alone with a nun in a
lassitude and I could find no place on which to stand or a
sit with the emergence of Consciousness there a need for a change of situation
for this an intermediate element is necessary it is the first land emerging
from the boundless Waters of noon premount is the mythical place where the
Act of Creation took place it's another Universal element of Egyptian cosmogony
in heliopolis it was called benan in Memphis tatan and in hermopolis it was
the Island of Fire of course each of these centers boasted its own original
primeval land the worshippers of Kum considered the island of elephantine to
be the first land the worshippers of to had it in their hermopolis and so on in
principle every Egyptian City and Village had its own
bban bban as the first real entity was identified with atum himself but also
with his throne and Seed Royal tombs probably already in predynastic times
referred architecturally to the Primeval Mount but the best example of this idea
are the pyramids of the Old Kingdom it was also symbolized by Egyptian obelisks
including the oldest ones which occupied a central Place in the Sun temples of
the late Old Kingdom in the pyramid texts we
read atum Beetle you became high as the hill you Rose as the banan in the banban
enclosure in heliopolis in the pyramid texts we learn
about ancient religious Traditions connected with the creation myth they are diverse sometimes contradictory but
josed by the authors of the book a tomb emerging from the water is identified
there with a heron Banu the one who emerges the word Ben simply meant to
emerge the herons purging on the Nile eyelets became the inspiration for the
very popular Cult of Bano in helops which was a direct inspiration for the
wellknown Greek myth of the Phoenix constantly reborn arising from
itself the powerful Egyptian symbol of the damat in Egypt was of course the
Scarab Ki the one who becomes symbolizing the first Sun that was to
rise for the first time over the Primeval land benan Illuminating the darkness of the Primeval
ocean the Scarab was one of the most popular iconographic motives in the religious art it symbolized both the
young reborn sun in the morning and rebirth after death the Egyptians were
probably intrigued by the way this Beetle reproduces laying its eggs underground from where it then emerges
as if from nothingness in addition the pyramid texts refer to Traditions from outside
helops According to which a Tom was born in the form of a snake emerged from a
lotus flower hatched from a cosmic egg or emerged as a crocodile giving birth
to the sun among the multitude of symbols and
versions of the myth the most popular is the one about a tomb emerging from the water in human form when he stood alone
on the Primeval Mount he immediately began the work of creation taking his
first breath according to numerous ancient sources a Tom reacted like a
person who had just almost drowned this violent reaction was accompanied by spitting and sneezing and
even vomiting the Creator released a lifegiving fluids in in great
quantities water released from the body plays an important role in The Act of
Creation however the main impulse for this was supposed to be the painfully
felt loneliness of God it was this feeling that made a tomb call into
existence separate beings standing on the top of the bban
mount energetically almost compulsively a tomb began the actual Act of cre
Creation in order to give birth to New Life the sexual act had to take place
according to the anthropomorphic nature of the myth however God was lonely so
this act had to be limited to himself fortunately according to for
example the coffin text a term turns out to be androgynous
quote I am the great he she in the text of pyramid we read he
put his member in his fist so that he could reach orgasm with it and two twins
were born Shu and [Music]
teut so he created by masturbation this is a popular
mythological motive associated with the Egyptian fertility cult with its
masculine aspect in the book of overthrowing app from the 4th Century BC it contains we
can say a tomb's diary reporting the creation of the world we
read I used my own mouth and Magic was my name after I had made excitation with
my fist my desire came into my hand and Seed fell from my mouth I spat out Sho
and expectorated teut a much older text from 4,000 years
ago spell 77 of the coffin texts
States I am this soul of sh which is in the haml of the fiery blast which a tomb
kindled with his own hand he created orgasm and fluid fell from his mouth he
spot me out as a Sho together with tanet who came forth after me as the great
inot the daughter of of atum who shines on the
gods such self-satisfaction by God is perhaps a motive taken from the cult of
the Primeval God of fertility from coptos Min with whom AUM was often
identified for example in spell 335 from the coffin text we
read I am the great one the self-created I who created my names Lord
lord of the inat who will not be repelled from the gods yesterday is mine
I know tomorrow I am a Min in his goings out I have set the two plumes on my head
while I was on Earth interestingly in Greco Roman times
both atum's last and his hand which performed this act were considered to
Independent deities
the self-impregnation of the Creator is another almost canonical concept an idea
repeated by later theological traditions for example in the ramid himym to Amon
worshiped as the great Creator got in thieves we read mingled his seed with his own
bodily form bringing his embryo into existence from the depths of the
Mysteries
as we already know according to the heliopolitan cosmogony in the beginning light emerged from the darkness of chaos
a tomb who stood on a dry land was accompanied by the primordial sun in
spell 45 of the coffin text we read fall and tremble in the Eastern
Horizon he having appeared appeared I as ra and having been exalted as a
tomb so the time came for the Luminous atmosphere to separate Heaven and Earth
so that new life could come air and moisture are necessary for this these
were to arise immediately with the first rays of the sun with the first breath
and the act of self-impregnation the calling into life of the first pair
Shu and dut was considered the very beginning of the creation of the
universe we don't know when the priests of the city of the sun developed this
Doctrine we only know that the expansion of the solar cult occurred at the threshold of the Old Kingdom
heliopolitan theology triumphed already in the times of the great joser the
founder of the third d the ruler with whom the age of the pyramids
began this could happen thanks to his famous architect probably serving as
visier imotep who in the 27th century BC began to erect the first Monumental
Stone buildings for his King his work the Magnificent pyramid complex of joser
in Sakara can be admired to this day Imhotep was also a high priest of
the sun god in helops joser whose Horus name was n jerat Divine of the body was
considered the living supreme god Horus just like his
predecessors however his successors were more and more identified with AUM ra the
position of heliopolis and its priests grew constantly after 200 years the king
of the fourth Dynasty kaf the one appearing like raah was the first to
accept a more modest title merely son of the sun somehow stepping aside for the
god from then on there will be a change in importance the pyramids of his
successors will be smaller and the temples of the sun
larger the Pharaoh as the son of Atura was more and more identified with the
firstborn son of the son Shu whose importance was constantly growing
because of that this isn't yet visible when studying the pyramid text because
according to researchers they largely reflect the religious concepts of Egypt that were even hundreds of years earlier
however already in the pyramid text of pepy the first from the sixth Dynasty we
read this oir pep nefara is Shu atum's
son you pep nefara are the eldest and Senior son of atum his first born atum
sneezed you from his mouth in your identity of Shum and said the most
distinguished of my children about
you the shift in emphasis from atum to shum is clear visible in the coffin
texts from hundreds of years later where Shu plays their leading role almost
replacing atum the funerary texts of the Middle Kingdom are therefore a rich
source of knowledge about zap tapy which begins with the birth of Shu sh who is
the air blown from the nostrils of a God in the so-called spell 80 of the coffin
text we read I indeed am one who lives son of
aumb he has fashioned me with his nose I have gone forth from his
nostrils interestingly the names of atum's children are probably related to
ancient Egyptian words for spitting and exhaling air or wind the names teet and
Sh may be anatas for their sounds are tumor made at the moment of
Creation in the so-called spell 80 from the coffin text we read I am shum whom atum fashioned and
this Garment of mine is the year of Life a cry for me went forth from the mouth
of a tomb the air opened up upon my ways it is I who make the sky light after
darkness my Pleasant color is due to the air which Goes Forth after me from the
mouth of of a tomb I am he whom a tomb created and I am Bound for my place of
Eternity I am Everlasting who fashioned the chaos God reproduced by the spittle
of a tomb which issued from his mouth when he used his hand his saliva will be
made to fall to the Earth while sh represents dry air the
Luminous atmosphere his sister SP out by a tomb tefnut represents moisture and is
at the same time the first female aspect of creation this PA of gods perfectly
reflects the understanding of the world typical of the Egyptians every aspect of
reality had a dual structure apparent contradictions opposites in fact
complemented each other the Egyptians believed that the Universe was created
by symmetrical but not identical paths created a harmonious whole according to
this plan successive gods were to be born the male and female elements were
to provide balance to the
universe sh and teut don't represent the visible area of the world as their
children in turn the earth and the heavens but are cosmogonic principles
life and Truth active and Lively show personified life and the transforming
energy called hecka or power the main tool of atum in the work of
creation this primordial creative power the ancient Egyptians wanted to tame
with the help of magical practices but the only Force capable of
this seemed to be mad born of atum simultaneously with
hecka M was a mechanism protecting the world from returning to a state of chaos
it was a divine order of the world regulating and guiding the process of
creation mat is also Divine Law And Justice it's binding on everyone gods
and people this harmony and balance is identified in ancient texts with the
primordial feminine principle with teut m is her name as we read so so Shu and
teut life and mad are born to start and maintain the course of cosmic processes
they are twin complement of each other in spell 80 of the coffin text we
read thus said atum tfet is my living daughter and she
shall be with her brother Shu living one is his name m is her
name Shu and deut come out of the Creator as his different aspects
creating a Triad with him although the term Trinity unity in three persons
seems more accurate this thesis is confirmed by the coffin text According
to which they were born in the waters of noon before the first land emerged in
the so-called spell 79 Shu claims atum created I in accordance with the
word of noon in chaos in the abyss in darkness and in Gloom she was within the
abys when the earth guts had not yet been knit together when the celestial
kind of a tomb had not yet come into being so that he might come to rest upon
them this is just the beginning of creation Millions shall come out of him
as the Egyptians believed although still in the religious texts especially the older ones like the pyramid text a tomb
is described as the only one among the gods and he says about
himself I am the only one let's keep it in
mind basically everything comes into being at the very beginning beginning of creation but ancient texts particularly
emphasize the emergence of K or rather the passing on of a tum scar to his
offspring that is his vital force his essence of life he does this by
embracing his children this aspect of the Egyptian Soul C which was essential for survival
after death was symbolized by the hieroglyphic sign of outstretched arms
it was believed that the Pharaoh possessed this order original car of a tomb as a living representative of sh
appropriate spells uttered by the deceased King allowed him to use it to its full potential in the pyramid texts
we read you sneezed sh and spot teut you
put your arms around them as car arms so that your car might be in them ATB put
your arms around pepar as car arms so that the car of pepara might be in it
firm for the course of Eternity interestingly it was believed
that the durability of the king's tomb and therefore of his remains could be ensured directly by the Creator himself
through his car Embrace quote Oh atam
place your arms about the king about this construction and about about this pyramid as the arms of kah that the
king's Essence may be in it enduring forever and
ever the creation of Shu and teut is also connected to the story of the solar
eye after giving birth to his children atum loses contact with them and it
seems that the couple busy with themselves moved away from their father sailing far into the expans of the
Primeval ocean the separation was to last for eons the Creator sent his eye after them
to bring them back after finding Shu and teut the eye was to manifest its Untamed
nature for the first time one of the most important Egyptian symbols the
powerful destructive weapon of the Sun the eye of Rah was born already in zap
tapi the 4,000-year-old coffin text mentioned this event extremely briefly
quote I AMU father of the Gods and atum once sent his sole eye seeking me and my
sister tefnut I made light of the darkness for it and it found me as an
immortal a much more interesting description of the myth can be found in the toic book of overthrowing apep where
atum himself says from being the one God I became three Gods thus the two other
gods who came into being on this Earth sprang from me and Shu and teut rejoiced
from out of noon in which they were they covered up my eye with a plant like
clouds which were behind them for very many hand periods plants and creeping things
sprung up from the god through the tears which I let fall I cried out to my eye
and men and women came into existence then I bestowed upon my eye
the urious of fire and it was a wroth with me when another eye came and grew
up in its place its vigorous power fell on the plants on the plants which I had
placed there and it set order among them and it took up its place in my face and
it did rule the whole earth then sh and teut begat Gap and n and GAP and nud
begat Osiris Horus Seth Isis and nepes
from the womb one after the other and they begat their multitudes in this
land so the eye returned with Shu and stut but when it saw the new one atum
put in its place it became Furious their creator used the impetuous and Untamed
nature of his eye by transforming it it into the serpent uras the decoration and
defender of his crown and the crown of each of the Egyptian
pharaohs the destructive potential of the eye of Rah is evidenced by numerous
and popular mythological stories about the difficult relations of atumor with
his daughter who although as the female aspect of the Creator passive and
stabilizing personifying M was able to rebel against his will and even become
the most terrifying dangerous creature known to the Egyptians the Lioness
sad it was always the daughter of the son who was considered his ey depending
on the version of the myth it was haur bastet M but above all teut who was most
often shown as the lion headed zaket her brother sh on the other hand as the
Divine air the only son of AUM basically doesn't differ from his father in
iconography which is the cause of many misunderstandings among researchers when a Tom had already
called into being light warm and moist air The Next Step was to create the
space necessary for the development of life that is born of Shu and teut the
Earth and Sky gab and N are the second generation of the great inat the group
of the first according to the heliopolitan concept N is a fascinating being her
amazing images stimulate the imagination in her blue naked body all
Cosmic processes take place the Stars their entire constellations planets
deities and their dead travel on their barks through her Celestial body
standing on her hands and feet the goddess bent in an arch protects her
beloved brother and husband gab and all the inhabitants of Earth from the Waters
of chaos nun it is her father representing the atmosphere who holds
her High not allowing her to connect with
gab Gap the male god of the earth is a rare concept outside of Egypt in other
cultures the Earth is represented by the feminine element and the heavens are
most often masculine in Egypt it's exactly the
opposite both Gap and representing geological processes worshiped in
Memphis tattin as well as Osiris and Min representing the black fertile soil are
male thonic deities in contrast to his active and
omnipresent in Egyptian mythology sister n G is most often mentioned in religious
texts as the father of his famous children Osiris Isis set and
neftis with the birth of the third generation of gods the great inat of
atum the group of nine primeval Gods is complete some theological Traditions add
Horus the Elder to this group The inat was woried by the entire Egyptian nation
and its members played Major roles in myths and rights including funeral ones
at the time of the coffin texts during the Middle Kingdom The Cult of the gut
of the Dead Osiris flourishes but the Egyptians continue to refer to all nine
gods in their incantations and prayers in the so-called spell 80 we read
I am a living one possessor of years and I live forever and ever a Tom achieved
eldership through his power when he fashioned Shu and tefnut in nun when he
was alone in his existence without me when he separated gab from nut before
the first generation had been born before the Primeval inats had come into
being I am the living one who is on his neck and my throat is made to flourish
even I whom aumb made into the grain God when he caused me to go down into this
land to the island of fire when I became Osiris the son of
[Music]
Gab with the establishment of the great inat the work of creation doesn't come to an end at all but continues it is
repeated in Endless Cycles there's also a struggle to maintain Creation in the
face of the constant threat of the destructive forces of Chaos in the Egyptians concept everything except the
immortality of the Soul comes to an end the continuous creation and maintenance
of the existence of the universe must also come to an
end the day will come when time is fulfilled the cycle will come to an end
will come full circle and the reverse process will occur ending with a
complete retent the state of chaos the gradual but Progressive instability of M
which maintains the universe in Balance will begin this process as atum himself
mentions in his conversation with Osiris in the Book of the Dead we
read how long will life last asks Osiris at replies you have millions of millions
of years ahead of you but in the end I will destroy everything I have created
the world will return to the chaos n from which it came in the beginning so
that only two of us will
remain two of us said by a means not only the Creator and god Osiris but all
the souls of the Dead saved by him who became Osiris they too will accompany God as he
traverses the vast Cosmic Waters of noon which he himself will cross in the form
of a serpent what is to weaken and finally
break in millions of millions of years the net of M that maintains The Creation
in order and balance is iset chaos the opposite of M also as a sociopolitical
order that is is sin against M according to the oyan myths the first to commit it
was Seth with his act of fratricide it's a kind of original sin among the
Egyptians ending the Golden Age which began in their first
time the Epic story of the annihilation of King Osiris the usurpation of his
Earth three Throne by Seth the fight for the remains of Osiris undertaken by his
faithful sister sister Isis and finally the miraculous conception of Isis child
with the dead body of her husband is the most popular Egyptian men the Egyptians
lived and breathed this story for 2,000 years of course AUM couldn't be missing
from it playing the role of the highest instance the righteous judge who from
the very beginning supports Isis in her lonely fight the creator of the universe
recognized the fetus in is's womb as the rightful air to the throne of
Osiris righteous atum father of mat announces the defense of the rights of
the infant Horus which Isis proudly proclaims to all and
Sury thus says Isis here this you Gods which atum a lord of the mentioned of
the Sacred images has said he has decreed for me protection for my son
within my womb he has knit together an anage about him within this womb of mine
I for he knows that he is the heir of Osiris and a guard over the Falcon who
is in this womb of mine has been set by a tomb lord of the
Gods a popular version of The Myth was written on the so-called Chester B
papyri from the 20th Dynasty from the 12th century BC according to it the
fighting between the supporters of Seth and the young Horus ceases and the
dispute is to be resolved before a Divine tribunal presided over by Rah
himself however this isn't the Creator God Rahi atum Capri atum and Rahi appear
here as two separate figures additionally remaining in opposition to each other although in Egyptian
theological texts they are clearly identified with each
other atum doesn't sit in the tribunal judging the parties but from a distance
from his helops he reprimands the judges clearly supporting the awarding of the
throne to Horrors raah on the other hand contrary
to most of the guts is a loyal supporter of Seth who as we know accompanies him
on his journeys across the sky standing on the prow of the solar bark said fans
off the attacks of demons enemies of the sun according to Isis the court is
invalid unless it's presided over by the great atum quote these matters should be submitted
before a tomb the great prince who is in helops and also before cap who resides
in his bark she said Isis was removed from the
proceedings due to the Sinister Alliance of harah with Seth and the trial continued for another 80 years I have
described its gripping episodes and of an unexpected plot twist to you in my previous podcast finally aumb decides to
actively engaged in the dispute ordering the punishment of the usurper we read
atum lord of the tands the heliopolitan sent to Isis saying bring Seth
restrained with manacles isy brother set restrained with manacles as a prisoner
said atum to him why do you not allow yourselves to be judged but instead you
served for yourself the office of Horus said said to him on the contrary
my good Lord let Horus son of Isis be suon and be awarded the office of his
father Osiris in this way the war of the Gods
comes to an end Horus sat on the throne of Osiris and the Divine Law and Cosmic
balance M were restored to the
world how beautiful is the sight how satisfying to see says I es how this God
goes up to the sky with his bar on him his ferocity at his sights his magic At
His Feet it will be done for him by a tomb like that which was done for him he
will fetch for you the gods who belong to the sky having assembled for you the gods who belong to the Earth and they
shall put their arms under you having made a ladder for you so that you might
mount on it to the sky the St Sky door will be opened to you a tomb will join
together the country site for you and give you the towns of Gap who argued for
it the mounts horus's mounts and sets Mount and the marsh of
[Music] reads this is a fragment of the pyramid
texts of pharaoh pepy describing the key role of aom in Egyptian funerary beliefs
regardless of the period in the history of fonic Egypt it is aumb Lord of all
who opens the door to the star sky for the [Music]
deceased atum although clearly considered a solar deity was associated
with the Stars to a greater extent than and other representations of the sun god
in contrast to Rahi who was constantly traveling in his solar bark a tomb was
imagined as residing in his Stellar helops it seems that even in prehistory
an Egyptian was destined to live after death Among the Stars the disease were
compared to the stars shining in the firmament the oldest Egyptian funeral
text the pyramid texts we read my father my father in the dark my
father aumb in the dark take me at thy side that I may light for thee a small
light and protect thee of course the pyramid text presents
such a perspective as a royal privilege only only the pH could sit next to him
who is worshiped in helops in order in order to be reborn as a star he had to achieve AK ification of
his soul AK is the highest form of a fully effective Soul identified with her
light and enabling unrestricted movement between Dimensions the actual possession
of divine status in the pyramid text of unas we
read you have developed you have gone High you have become effec active it has
become cool for you inside your father's arms inside a tomb's
arms a tomb Elevate him to you and circle him inside your arms he is your
son of your body forever the perspective of the King was
to experience the moment of creation his participation in zepi we read
further unas you shall release your cleansing to a tomb in heliopolis you
shall descend with him that you may decide the needs of the unders sky and
stand up in the places of noon you shall evolve with your father at home you
shall go high with your father at home you shall rise with your father at home
and release needs among the countless stars that
gave shelter to saved Souls the do minent ones were the circumpolar stars
the imperishable stars as they were called from the earliest times the Egyptians Associated them with
immortality unlike other stars they didn't rise or set so they were the
ideal place for the Pharaoh it was among them that the souls of Kings lived in
the text of the Pyramid of unas we read oh onas your envoys have gone your
Harold have run to your father to atum to say for you atum bring me up to you
and circle me inside your arms there is no stargard without his companion I am
your companion see me as you have seen the forms of the prodin who know their
spells the imperishable
Stars the main goal of the Pharaoh was therefore to rise like Horus of the duat
to the front of the imperishable Stars to rule them regulate the night be the
ruler of the night the imperishable Stars kneel before the Justified
King as a result of this belief the entrance corridors to the burial Chambers in the early dynastic mastabas
were inclined towards the circumpolar Stars to the north of the mavas the
ancient also buried boats in their own special
tombs since as it was believed the stars and the sun used boats for their
Journeys across the night sky the Pharaohs must have been equipped with them as well perhaps even in kufu time
in the 26th Century BC the boats buried near the pyramids were more for Star
Travel than for following the sun interestingly the the ancient name of
the Great Pyramid of Giza the Luminous Mountain Horizon of kufu according to
many researchers referred to the circumpolar Stars the pyramids of the Old Kingdom
still had entrances from the north but with the growing importance of the gura
the entrances to the tombs were usually located in the East the old formulas known from the
pyramid text were also changed so the Pharaoh on his last journey follows Rah
he is connected with the fate of the son the religion of ois which appears at the
time of the pyramid text introduces new element the dead still travel through
the sky in solar barks but they become the property of Osiris quote thou
crossest the sky to the field of reads reside in their fields of offerings
Among the imperishable Stars the followers of
Osiris however the establishment of the cult of Osiris by the king is a return
to Old archaic elements of religion the first king of Egypt Osiris is depicted
with Prehistoric attributes and the tombs of the First Kings from abidos are
particularly venerated the prehistoric Cult of Orion identified with Osiris is
also Rev henceforth the goal of the Star Travel of the Pharaoh the pharaoh who is the
Son Of The Morning Star sis identified with
Isis with the collapse of the centralized monarchy during the first intermediate period aumb Ras position
began to waver numerous local deities came to be called great Gods
heliopolitan theology however continued to be alive in funeral texts throughout
the land the Middle Kingdom coffin text contains spells and prayers to the
Sovereign of the inat atum ra and the famous book of the Dead
States the chapter of making the transformation into the soul of atum the
Osiris Ani whose word is truth said I shall not enter into the place
place of Destruction I shall not perish I shall not know
Decay I am ra who came forth from noon the soul of the God who created his own
members what i abominate is sin I will not look thereon I am the Lord of Light
that which is an Abomination unto me is death my soul is The Souls of the
Eternal gods and my body is everlastingness my created form is that
of their God eternity the Lord of years and the prince of
everlastingness I am the creator of the darkness who makees his seat in the
uttermost limits of the heavens which I love I arrive at their boundaries I
Advance upon my two legs I direct my resting place I sail over
the
sky the new kingdoms we Renaissance of the solar cult at Tom appears in
numerous funerary books as an important aspect of O Sur traveling at night on a
solar bark through the afterlife alongside the morning sun cpri
the son at zeni in the form of raahi atum often represented the old dying son
at sanset of course it's impossible to exhaust the subject of the heliopolitan
dard a Tom no civilization in the world has left behind such a wealth of myths
motives and cosmogonic symbols yet what we know about Egyptian beliefs is only a fragment a fragment of the great heritage created
by the ancient Egyptians the descendants of
aumb I hope you learned something new about the beliefs of ancient Egyptians thank you for listening please let me
know in the comments what you'd like to hear about next time I'd also like to thank all my patrons thank you so much
from the bottom of my heart I truly appreciate your contribution if you don't support me yet but would like to I
placed my patreon link below in the description don't forget to like my video And subscribe to my channel
goodbye and see you on the next one

I invite you to listen, regardless of whether the history and mythology of Egypt is an entirely new field for you, or, like me, you are a maniac about the past of the land of the pharaohs. I invite you to hear the entire story, which I narrate in a captivating ASMR (Sleep Story) way. So tune in and enjoy!
Join me on an incredible journey through Egyptian history and mythology!

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