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All the wisdom of Ancient Egypt contained in one book?
The Pyramid Texts, the Coffin Texts, and even the oldest, prehistoric burial rituals, make up the famous Book of the Dead, the most popular religious text for almost one and a half thousand years (from the New Kingdom to the Late Period).
Together we will follow the Egyptian soul traveling through the incredible, dangerous and bizarre Duat - the mythical kingdom of Osiris.
I invite you to listen, regardless of whether the history and mythology of Egypt is an entirely new field for you, or, like me, you are a maniac about the past of the land of the pharaohs. I invite you to hear the entire story, which I narrate in a captivating ASMR (Sleep Story) way. So tune in and enjoy!Join me on an incredible journey through Egyptian history and mythology!
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[Music] as the Old Kingdom Egyptians believed the place where their dead dwelt was the
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western land of amenti where their sun sets or ented she of the West as the
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necropolises on the western side of the Nile were called ubiquitous in the tombs
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of the New Kingdom was the image of iment in the personified form of a goddess shown with the hog iic symbol of
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the West on her head sometimes identified with haur and sometimes with
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Isis imet was the land where the world inhabited by living ANS and where among
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the Desert Sands stand the cities of the Dead necropolises dominated by the
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Monumental mastabas of the Egyptian Elite new homes intended for their curse
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and curse of their companions servants called into existence by the fact of
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showing their images on the walls of chapels and cult
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Chambers the above ground parts of the maaba were therefore filled with images
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of people animals and plants that were to accompany the deceased in Paradise a
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vision of a parallel world in the pyramid age funerary art
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copied the world of the living and in the center of this new better world was
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the deceased owner of the Tomb accepting offerings supervising the Harvest
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hunting hippopotami there was no place for protective spells or images of gods
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because the only mediator between the world of people and the world of gods was the pharaoh who could confront the
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gods as an equal an ordinary mortal didn't have to worry about this instead
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he had to think about his eternal home although he might have lived in the
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richest residence during his life it was built of mud bricks his new Eternal
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house had to be durable Made of Stone and spacious if
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possible mastabas were supposed to ensure their safe existence of the deceased K his vital force spiritual
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twin Enchanted in naturalistic sculptures hidden in inaccessible
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Chambers cups the had to be fed by the living
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visiting the maaba chapel offering food and drink before the false door the
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portal between Dimensions the border between the living and the
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dead the dead or rather their cast were to last forever they were not to have
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Lords over them in their tombs they ruled like pharaohs over their new
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better life this idyllic image of the afterlife would soon change however the
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decline of the king's Authority which had been progressing since about the 24th century BC the crisis and finally
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the collapse of the Old Kingdom in the 22nd century BC would turn this image
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upside down and convince the Egyptians that hell
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[Music] exists hello everyone my name is Irena
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welcome to my channel Ancient sides girl I invite you to a podcast about the history of ancient Egypt today I'll tell
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you about the most famous fonic funerary book the most popular religious text for
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almost 1 and a half th000 years from the New Kingdom to the late period although
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its Origins probably reach back to the darkness of
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prehistory together we'll follow the Egyptian so traveling through the
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incredible dangerous and bizarre doart the mythical Kingdom of Osiris in order
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not to get lost in the afterlife will use the original texts from The Book of
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the
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Dead the first intermediate period disaster the breakdown of the central
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Administration and the fall of the Empire brought chaos famine and destruction which caused the Egyptians
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to reflect on death the memory of this terrible time resulted in the pessimism
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of the Middle Kingdom the terrible fate of the living is nothing compared to the
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horror that could befall them after death in order to survive in the afterlife the Land of duat the Dead had
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to have access to mysterious spells and formulas these of course existed ear but
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were available only to Kings the pyramid texts appeared in the
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24th century BC their oldest copy was inscribed on the chamber walls of the
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unas pyramid at Sakara these texts are evidence of the recognition by the Royal
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Palace of Osiris as the new god of the Dead perhaps worshiped locally until
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then as the full God of fertility and vegetation Osiris already in the fifth
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Dynasty becomes the G of the Mite Elites associated with the palace and new old
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Syrian theology functions next to the dominant Egyptian solar
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cult in the pyramid texts we learn about Osiris as a dead King a god rising to
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life from the dead unexpectedly with the fall of statehood the message of the
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oseran myth becomes Universal their resurrected ulis gives hope to the
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masses hope for rebirth after death and eternal life after the fall of the Old
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Kingdom a kind of democratization of religion occurs Osiris is no longer just a dead
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Pharaoh but anyone can be reborn in him and the dead are then called Osiris
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regardless of their social position this is a crucial change a new concept of
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doat and so-called field of reads appears the fate of the Dead God his
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personal dramatic story touches the masses shapes their
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morality let us remember that the oyan myth is a story of violence a fight for
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survival a journey full of dangers happily ending with victory over [Music]
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death the pyramid texts describe spells prayers and warnings partly taken from
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early dynastic traditions and perhaps even from prehistoric burial
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rituals this compendium was used to write the so-called coffin texts of the Middle Kingdom they were constantly
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enriched with new theological Concepts folk traditions and the content of
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religious Mysteries performed during religious festivals in this way since
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the 22nd century BC over 1,000 spells have been written down on the coffins of
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wealthy Egyptians on papyri and Steely it was then that the image of the
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afterlife took shape which survived almost until the end of fonic Egypt what
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was omitted in the pyramid texts or described in brief such as the oyan
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paradise SE had aru field of reads is described in astonishing detail in some
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coffin texts theologians of the Middle Kingdom developed a detailed Topography of the
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afterlife even creating Maps one of these guides to the Land of the Dead are
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the coffin texts discovered in derel barha in central Egypt consisting of the
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so-called book of the two ways it shows two paths through the duat
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a winding Waterway and a land route separated by the lake of fire which has
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the power to destroy or renew the soul the paths leading the disease to Osiris
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can be treacherous some of them leading nowhere others guarded by demonic beings
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who must be evaded or tamed with magic the book
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warns these are the ways of Osiris which are at the ends of Heaven if a man knows
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this spell given knowledge of how to find them then he himself will become as
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a God in the retinue of tot he will indeed find a way to any heaven where he
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desires to be but if he does not know the spell of traversing these ways then
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he will be caught in the snares of
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death the coffin texts paint a picture of the afterlife as an inhospitable land
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dominated by Water full of guarded Gates mysterious Chambers and terrifying
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beings these STS were often quoted in the most popular funeral book of the New
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Kingdom spells of coming forth by day better known as The Book of the Dead the
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true successor of the coffin [Music]
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text The Book of the Dead was written during the turbulent times of the second
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intermediate period when following the fall of the Middle Kingdom in the 18th
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century BC Egypt struggled with political disunity famine and foreign
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invasions the oldest discovered fragments of the book of the dead spouse
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belonged to Queen ManUp wife of the thean ruler of the 16th Dynasty sakra
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jeti they were written on mot's coffin not on Papyrus it's clear therefore that
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the book was the result of a natural evolution of the coffin text the new book already in the 17th dynasty was
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written mainly on shrouds covering mommies also at that time the oldest Papyrus copies
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appear the the Papyrus form was a practical solution during the second
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intermediate period there was a collapse in the supply of good quality wood which was obtained mainly from Phoenicia
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isolated Egyptians gradually abandoned coffin chests in the favor of anthropomorphic coffins which were made
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of inferior local wood for example from Sycamore the new coffins were smaller
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and their surface no longer held as much text hence the inscriptions on shrouds
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and [Music] papy as we already know according to the
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eschatological concepts of the time the deceased couldn't enjoy a peaceful
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eternity in seat aru immediately after death it was a long and dangerous
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Journey which he began after waking up in his sarcophagus probably at
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Sunrise the New Kingdom was a time of solar Renaissance posst humous existence
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was associated with the cyclical Rebirth of the son the deist wanted to accompany
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its Journey to the West and be reborn with it at dawn in order to come out in the
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daylight to leave the darkness of the Tomb one had to act quickly hence the Book of the Dead was placed in the
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coffin near the head or feet of the mommy so that the deceased could easily
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reach it generally the book opens with chapters related to the funeral and the
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the entry of the deceased into the western land the spell to open the tomb for the
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soul bar of the deceased is found in the rasit Papyrus of ani from the 13th
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century BC Osiris The Scribe of ani whose word
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is truth says the place that is closed is open a place that is closed remains
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sealed that which lies in a closed place is opened by the soul of ba that is in
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it through the Eye of Horus I was liberated the decorations are placed on
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the forehead of raah my step is long I'm picking up my thigh I traveled a long
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way my limbs are in a thriving State I am Horus the Avenger of his father and I
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bring the crown of or and set it on her Banner the way of souls is open my twin
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Soul sees the great God in the boat of Rah on this day of
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souls this spell is accompanied by a comment quote if this chapter be known
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by the deceased he shall come forth by day and his soul shall not be kept
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[Music] captive in the Book of the Dead we find instructions advice spells Des
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descriptions of funeral rituals hyns some fragments have a very old origin
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for example in the tut mosit Papyrus of hu we have a description of certain
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formulas recited by the priest during the opening of the mouth ceremony a
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ritual performed during the funeral to restore the sensus to the disease the
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prayer is supplemented by a commentary this chapter shall be recited by a man
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who is ceremonially clean and pure who ha not eaten the Flesh of animals or
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fish and who hath not had intercourse with women and behold Thou shalt make a
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Scarab of green stone with a rim plated with gold which shall be placed above
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the heart of a man and it shall perform for him the opening of the mouth and
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thou shalt anoint it with mer unu and and thou shalt recite over it the
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following words of magical power
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the authors of the text also provided another interesting piece of information about the origin of the Holy formula in
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their opinion when they wrote it down it was at least 1,000 years old we read
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this chapter was found in the city of Cameo upon the slab of ba which was inlayed with letters of a genuine lapis
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lauli and was under the feet of the Statue of of the god during the reign of
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his majesty the King of the South and North Mana true of Word by Prince herut
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who found it during a journey which he made to inspect the
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temples thus the footnotes and explanations contained in the book are often more interesting than the
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religious content itself in some papy we learn that some parts of the book were
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supposedly copied from old schol scolls that were discovered during the first
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dynasty undoubtedly for the Egyptians The Book of the Dead was an important
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element of their cultural heritage the book was constantly
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expanded and enriched until toic times currently there are over
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190 chapters the famous Prussian egyptologist Carl rishard lepus gave the
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numbers to these spells in the mid 19th century lepsius is also the author of
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its modern name Book of the Dead today we distinguish two versions of the book
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thean and S the so-called theban recension because
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both the oldest copies and their vast majority in general were found in Lu or
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ancient thieves it can be described as an inconsistent even chaotic book new
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elements were constantly added to it and and no care was taken with the chronology of the chapters being written
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in this form the book functioned for about 900 years until the reform of the
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7th Century BC when the 26th s Dynasty took over which began the late period in
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Egyptian history a new edition of the book of the de was then created the formulas were
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written down in predetermined order systematized Unified and shortened to
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165 chapters the new organized version is called the s recension in this form it
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functioned until Roman times in contrast to the old funeral texts The Book of the
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Dead is usually richly Illustrated the papyri of the thean recension featured
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multicolored vignettes and the schematized decorations made in Black
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Ink were found in the S edition [Music]
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the papy were protected by special wooden containers often in the shape of
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a figure of Osiris or a local guardian of the necropolis although traditionally
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the authorship of the book was attributed to the god of wisdom to less
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often to Isis the book was undoubtedly of great
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importance to the Egyptians the number of copies that archaeologists continue to find attests to its popularity it was
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addressed to all social classes practically everyone who could afford it
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a copy decorated with colorful vignettes cost about as much as one slave or two
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cows during the New Kingdom the highest prices were paid for the longest
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customade papy we know that Anonymous copies were
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popular on which the name of the deceased was added only at the moment of
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sale it must have been a profitable business presumably the books were copied by scribes from Temple
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institutions they always wrote them out in Old Egyptian language which was already dead in the times of the New
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Kingdom hence many stylistic and logical [Music]
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errors after funeral rituals after the two is opened the Journey of the
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deceased into the do begins among the incantations we read
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quote let me not be driven away from the doors of the other world let not your
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doors be shut in my face in the Papyrus of ani there is a
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prayer to Osiris hail thou one who shinest from
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the Moon hail thou one who shinest from the Moon grant that this Osiris Annie
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may come forth among thy multitudes who are at the portal let him be with the
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light God let the T be opened to him behold the Osiris Annie shall come forth
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by day to perform everything which he wisheth upon the Earth among those who
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are living their own
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Dangerous Time Begins for the soul constantly exposed to destruction at the
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hands of the Demonic inhabitants of datat the book contains a whole group of
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chapters concerning the protection of the deceased from the second death from snake attacks from decapitation or
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decomposition of the body which was a particular concern among the
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Egyptians we read the Osiris H said oh
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thou who art motionless oh thou who art motionless oh thou whose members are
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motionless like unto those of Osiris thy members shall not be motionless they
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shall not rot they shall not crumble away they shall not fall into Decay my
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members shall be made permanent for me as if I were Osiris
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the commentary to the spell assures whoever knows it will not rot in the
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afterlife we read further let not my body become worms but deliver thou me as
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thou did deliver thyself I pray thee let me not fall into rottenness as thou
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letest every God and every goddess and every animal and every reptile see
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corruption when their soul had gone out of them after their death give thou me
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not over through the slaughterer in this execution chamber who kth the members
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and maketh them Rod being himself invisible and who destroyeth the bodies
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of the dead and leaveth by Carnage let me leave and perform his
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order I will do what is commanded by him give me not over to his fingers let him
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not overcome me for I am under thy command oh lord of the Gods homage to
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thee Oh My Divine father Osiris thou livest with thy members thou
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did not Decay thou did not become worms thou did not wither thou did not rot
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thou did not purify though did not turn into worms
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[Music]
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the deist was threatened with having to move upside down after reaching the Nether world so the Spells were to
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ensure freedom of movement another problem was access to their food and
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drink offerings made in their deceased burial Chapel so that he wouldn't have to consume his own excrement and urine
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a series of transformational spells were to enable the transformation of the Soul
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if necessary into a bird a snake or even a lotus flower their deceased bar had such
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possibilities while the aspect of the Soul called C the vital force was
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related in a way to the mechanical supervision of physiological functions but was the most personal and emotional
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constituting the human personality the unique bar was the main ingredient of a person even while alive
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as it was Guided by impulses and it was responsible for the actions of a person
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his decisions th bar was subject to the Judgment of Osiris although forly the
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heart of a person was examined being another third aspect of his soul e as
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completely independent of him the source of truth about himself while the heart was essential
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for survival in the duat the bar allowed movement within it and could also leave
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the Nether world and visit its body in the Tomb and its accompanying car the
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mobility of bar is shown by the way it's depicted it's always a bird with a human
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head to fully utilize the bar the deceased needed this formula from The
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Book of the Dead hail mighty one of souls thou Divine
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Soul who inspires great dread who dust set the fear of thyself in the gods who
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are enthroned upon thy Mighty seed make thou a path for the spirit soul and the
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bar Soul of the Osiris Ani I am equipped with Words of Power I am a spirit Soul
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equipped with Words of Power I have made my way to the place where are raah and
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haur the de moving and breathing freely after living the tomb sets off Westward
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through the desert the last stop before entering the kingdom of Osiris is his
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vestib a mysterious Oasis of the lady of the syamore where in the shade of a
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spreading tree the soul can rest gather their strength and
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feed the protector of the Dead the lady of the syamore was identified with
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hather sometimes with Isis or nut syamore trees grew on the border of
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desert necropolises and as we already know anthropomorphic coffins were made from them hence the association of this
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tree with the cult of the Dead the sarcophagy were dedicated to
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the goddess of the sky note and like the deceased rulers who were reborn with the
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sun in her Celestial body the dead awoke in her Embrace within their
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sarcophagy particularly popular in the late period were large images of nud
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painted on the bottom of coffins emerging from a sycamore tree the guts
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gave the dead hungry and thirsty Travelers food and cold
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water the end entrance to the actual afterlife was supposed to be in the mysterious masket a place in the sky
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located just above the horizon or According to some Scholars somewhere on the Milky Way at the same time among the
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Egyptians there were more Earthly Traditions locating this Secret Gate the
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afterlife the border between Dimensions somewhere to their west of the cemetery
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in caves and rock crevices
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the thebans for example believed that it was located somewhere on the top of the pyramidal hill of alarna in Western
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thieves these different Traditions coexisted with each other just as in the Book of the Dead Two theological
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Traditions functioned side by side the solar and the
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oyan in the book's spells the deceased refers to both Rah and Osiris both
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Traditions will be combined in the ramit concept of Osiris
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ra the dying Sun at Sunset becomes Osiris who continues his nocturnal
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Journey on the solar bark only to be reborn in the morning in the womb of his
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mother n as cpri the young son symbolized by the Scarab moving to the
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daytime solar bark although the vignettes of the Book of the Dead often depict its owners as
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Wanderers walking with a stick constantly marching toward mysterious Gates there was a simple way to Traverse
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the do the greatest desire of the Egyptian was to be on board the S bark of Rah it
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was the fastest and safest way to travel through the afterlife available to
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pharaohs but also to private individuals to get on the bar of RA in
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the company of to and the GS of the inat the deceased had to appeal to the son
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God himself quote May the soul of the O ciris Ani
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whose word is truth come forth with thee into heaven may he set out with thee in
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their mattered boat in the morning may he come into port in their sected boat
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in the evening and may He cleave his path Among the Stars of Heaven which
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never rest the most Fortunate Souls obtained the
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consent of himself quote Thou shalt come forth into heaven
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Thou shalt sail over the sky and thou shalt hold loving intercourse with the
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star Gods Praises shall be made to thee in the boat thy name shall be proclaimed
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in the Ed boat Thou shalt look upon aah within his Shrine Thou shalt make the
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disc set with prayer every day as we know from other Royal Funeral
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books of the New Kingdom such as the amduat all the gates to the afterlife
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opened before the cyclically passing solar bark which could be used by lost
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souls camping out in the darkness in front of closed Gates or floating
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helplessly on the Waters of the duat vignettes from papyri present s to
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this day show their different functions that the deceased could perform on board the solar bark sometimes he became the
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God himself occupying the Throne of rra and sometimes as a humble servant he
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worked for other crew members he rode when they run ground he pulled the bark
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with a rope walking along the shore sometimes he stood on the bow armed with
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a spear like the mythological set the defending the Sun from the demon
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attacks the mysterious river that he traveled on in the afterlife didn't resemble the N it was full of bands
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where many dangers awaited and in places it dried up
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[Music] completely not everyone was lucky enough
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to accompany their son to the afterlife left to their own devices that is Travelers had to cross a winding river
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that like the sticks known from Greek mythology separated them from the abot
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of the Dead the deceased had to find a harbor and call out a Fairman named he
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who looks behind himself interestingly Fair Men Sailing
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In perog on the Nile still take this position as I could see for myself many
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times the condition for boarding was to to name all the elements of this particular bark like for example one of
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the ropes was called the braid of Isis if the dead passed this test they could
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cross to the other side where more challenges awaited them they had to overcome a series of hills and thickets
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full of ingenious traps and dangerous demons attacking souls and armed with
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spells [Music]
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it was a vast land fragmentary descriptions from The Book of the Dead as well as older texts sometimes
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decorated with a maps of the afterlife the beautiful land of the West show a
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diverse picture of lakes Fields deserts and mountains including the gigantic
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Mountain Baku on the top of which the heavens are
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supported on the Imad Hills the deceased could see their gods living there and feed on the offerings gathered for them
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the land of isus was inhabited by the gigantic serpent R the enemy of the sun
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compared to apab however he lived in a place too distant for anyone to see it
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with their own eyes on the Northern Horizon stretched a
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panorama of endless Waters and somewhere in the north among the the compar Stars
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was supposed to be a Land of Plenty called the fields of offering where the
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soul fed to its F in the west according to the book of amduat there was the
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desert land of sokar rosow full of snakes and fire an inhospitable
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land armed with the Spells Of The Book of the Dead the deceased could travel between Dimensions returning to the
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world of their living to partake of the bounty of the Nile Valley and visit important sanctuaries such as those at
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heliopolis Memphis hermopolis and
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abidos several chapters of the book describe the journey through GED Gates
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many gates According to some versions of the book there are 21 of them and they
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are called pons in the house of Osiris at the end of them if the soul overcomes
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this dangerous route it will stand before the face of the gut of the dead and will be finally
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judged approaching each of the gates the deceased assures the God that he has
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performed the ritual of purification and anointed himself with holy oils then he
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names the gates and their guards doorkeepers and Heralds for for generally each pylon of Osiris was
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guarded by three demonic figures like most of the dangerous inhabitants of the
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do they were shown armed with long sharp knives standing in front of the first
34:42
gate the deceased addresses both the gate and the beings guarding it quote
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Lady of tremblings high world the sing Lady the lady of Destruction Who utth
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The Words which drive back the Destroyer Who deliver from destruction him that
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cometh the name of her doorkeeper is
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neroid each of the Gates has its own unique character but it's dangerous for
35:12
unprepared Travelers the eight pylon is called blazing fire unquenchable with
35:20
far-reaching tongs of flame irresistible slaughterer which one may not pass
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through fear of its deadly attack the name of her doorkeeper is
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cuch interestingly some of the names of the guards aren't directly given in the
35:39
Book of the Dead but are only enigmatically described quote a demon
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with red hair and eyes who appears at night and traps the devil in his LA or
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terrible one lady of the rainstorm destroyer of The Souls of men the
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Devourer of the bodies of men orderer producer and maker of Slaughter is thy
36:07
name before the last gate the deceased must call out 21st pylon of the still
36:15
heart I have made the Way I Know Thee I Know Thy Name I know the name of the
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goddess who guarded thee sword that smiteth at the utterance of of its own
36:28
name stinking face overthrower of him that approacheth her flame is thy
36:37
name as in the great fonic sanctuaries the successive pylons led to the holiest
36:43
of holies The House of the god the seat of Osiris the Hall of two truths the
36:51
court of Osiris was the most dangerous obstacle to achieving eternal life there
36:57
was no appeal from his sentence the deceased was L into the
37:03
whole of the two truths their whole of M by guards armed with knives full of
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humility with their raised hands he greeted their 42 judges gathered there
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whose number obviously corresponded to the number of gnomes of Upper and Lower
37:22
Egypt I have come unto thee oh my Lord and I have brought myself hither that I
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may Behold thy Beauties I Know Thee I Know Thy Name I know the names of the 42
37:36
Gods who live with thee in this Hall of M who live by keeping Ward over Sinners
37:43
and who feed upon their blood on the day when the consciences of men are reckoned
37:48
up in the presence of the God now comes the famous negative
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confession the clar ation of Innocence the reist denies his sins by addressing
38:01
each of the 42 Gods each of the judges specializes in one sin quote hail usek
38:09
named who comes forth from ano I have not committed sin hail hepat who comes
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forth from kaha I have not committed robbery with
38:22
violence the long list of sins in negative confession includes
38:28
I have not stolen I have not slain men and women I have not uttered lies I have
38:34
not committed acts of sexual impurity or Lan with man I have not eaten the heart
38:41
I have not been an e dropper I have not been angry without just cause I have not
38:48
debed the wife of any man I have not polluted myself I have not shut my ears
38:55
to the words of truth I have I have not acted with undue haste I have not worked
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witchcraft against the king I have not cursed
39:07
[Music] God the deceased confession before the
39:13
Divine tribunal isn't enough now he must demonstrate his secret knowledge
39:18
concerning the kingdom of Osiris to this end the deceased enters into a strange
39:24
dialogue with the doors and floor of the Hall of two truths revealing their
39:29
secret names and then confronts the Divine doorkeeper of the Hall of
39:35
mat I will not announce thee unless you tellest my name and I reply discerner of
39:43
Hearts searer of bellies is Thy Name the doorkeeper said Thou shalt be announced
39:50
he said who is the god who dwells in his hour speak it and I reply
39:58
a tawi he said explain who he is and I reply AWI is
40:09
to the doorkeeper turns out to be the gut of wisdom himself the last obstacle
40:14
before the deceased stands before the gut of the Dead quote come now said to
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for what purpose hast Thou come and I reply I have come and have journeyed
40:27
here that my name may be announced to the god tot said in what condition art thou and
40:35
I reply I am purified from Evil defects and I am wholly free from the curses of
40:43
those who live in their days and I am not one of their number to said
40:50
therefore shall thy name be announced to the god Tod said tell me who is he whose
40:58
Heaven is of fire whose walls are living serpents and whose ground is a stream of
41:04
water who is he and I replied he is
41:11
Osiris to said Advance now thy name shall be announced to
41:22
him now comes the culminating moment of the Judgment of Osiris which is also the
41:28
most famous fragment of the Book of the Dead the weighing of the Dead's heart
41:33
this scene was shown on Papyrus vignettes so we know that the deceased is led by the jackal headed Anubis the
41:40
ancient funeral deity guardian of the Dead great IM
41:47
[Music] balma on one of the scales was a feather
41:52
symbolizing truth Cosmic order and balance the divine law of M on the other
41:59
scale was placed the heart of the deceased during the weighing Annubis
42:04
checked their scale while the Divine scribe Toth wrote down the result of the
42:10
weighing of course the great gut of the Dead Osiris is present in the hall
42:15
sitting on a throne accompanied by his sisters Isis and
42:25
nepus illustrations of the seen often show Horus as the one who leads the dead
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before his father of course the books vignettes always show the scales
42:36
perfectly balanced meaning that the dead will be saved Justified they Rich
42:43
terrifying descriptions of the hellish torments of sinners in various funeral texts the annihilation of their souls if
42:50
their hearts were heavier than the feather prove that the verdict wasn't always favorable to the
42:57
that the doart was full of the enemies of ois awaiting in torment the second
43:06
death hence it was crucial to provide magical protection to the heart itself
43:12
which as we know although it was part of the soul of the deceased called e wasn't
43:17
controlled by him it was a serum of truth about him therefore the heart was
43:23
especially protected as necessary for salvation and of course it was left in the
43:30
mummified body additionally protected magically by an amulet in the form of a
43:35
Scarab placed under the bandages some of the first Spells Of The Book of the Dead
43:41
concern the heart my heart is with me and it shall
43:47
never come to pass that it be carried away I am the Lord Of Hearts the Slayer
43:54
of the heart case I live in in truth I have my being therein I am Horus the
44:02
dweller in heart I am in the dweller in the body I have Life by my word my heart
44:10
have being my heart case shall not be snatched away from me it shall not be
44:17
wounded it shall not be put in Restraint if wounds are inflicted upon
44:24
me the hearts of Sinners were devoured immediately after the verdict was pronounced by a demonic being of strange
44:32
and terrifying appearance Amit Devourer of the Dead waiting under the scales for
44:39
her prey she was a hybrid of the most dangerous animals known to the Egyptians
44:45
in the Book of the Dead we read her for part is like that of a crocodile the middle of her body is like
44:52
that of a lion her hand quarters are like those of a hippopo
44:58
[Music]
45:04
us the Egyptians had great faith in the power of their book and spells for those
45:10
who followed its instructions the verdict couldn't be other than not guilty the Divine scribe Toth announced
45:18
the Court's verdict quote here are's judgment the heart of
45:24
Osiris had in very truth been weighed and his heart soul had borne testimony
45:29
on his behalf his heart had been found right by their trial in the great
45:35
balance there had not been found any wickedness in him he had not wasted the
45:40
offerings which have been made in the temples he had not committed any evil
45:46
act and he had not set his mouth in motion with words of evil whilst he was
45:52
upon Earth to which the collective tribunal
45:58
of the Gods added the Devourer amid shall not be permitted to Prevail over him meet
46:06
offerings and admittance into the presence of the god Osiris shall be granted unto him together with an
46:14
abinding habitation in their field of offerings as unto the followers of
46:23
Horus finally brought by Horus before the gut of the Dead the deceased addresses Osiris directly quote here I
46:32
am in your presence oh lord of Amed there is no sin in my flesh I have not
46:38
spoken anything that is not true knowingly nor have I done anything with
46:44
a false heart make me like those privileged ones who follow you that I
46:50
may be Osiris Osiris then considered that he
46:57
Justified and allowed him to live in seat aru the book states he is cleansed
47:04
and purified and is arrayed in a linen apparel and is shot with sandals of
47:10
white leather and his eyes are painted with antimony and his body is Anointed
47:16
with an uent made of myr the field of reeds became his home a
47:24
wonderful land surrounded by a copper wall decorated with turquoise trees the land
47:29
of plany where the barley and wheat reached seven cubits High resembled the
47:36
Nile Delta a fertile area crisscrossed by
47:41
canels although the fields in the afterlife also had to be cultivated the
47:47
inhabitant of paradise spent his time there Carefree thanks to their sheepy
47:52
figurines taken to the tomb these animated by Magic performed all the
47:58
necessary work for their lord as a fully effective efficient Soul
48:06
a the deceased could travel freely around the world of the living return to
48:11
his tomb and even become a God or Star only to return finally to his domain in
48:18
SE at aru accept offerings supervis the Harvest and hand hippopotami like the
48:25
noble Lords of the Old Kingdom them immortalized on the walls of their
48:35
[Music] mastabas in toic times the Book of the
48:41
Dead began to be gradually replaced by a new popular funeral text its simplified
48:47
version called The Book of breathing this text attributed to Isis enjoyed
48:52
popularity even in the first centuries of our era it preserved some of the key
48:58
chapters of the Book of the Dead such as the negative confession to this day
49:03
there's ongoing discussion among Scholars about how much influence these widely known records had on the
49:10
formation of later Traditions including the great monotheistic
49:18
religions I hope you learned something new about the beliefs of ancient Egyptians thank you for listening please
49:24
let me know in the comments what you'd like to hear about next time I'd also like to thank all my patrons I truly
49:32
appreciate your contribution thank you if you don't support me yet but would
49:37
like to I placed my patreon link below in the description don't forget to like
49:42
my video And subscribe to my channel goodbye and see you on the next one
49:51
[Music]
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